Divine Aleru is an accomplished biochemist and researcher with a specialized background in environmental toxicology, focusing on the impacts of heavy metals on human health. With deep-rooted expertise in microbiome signatures analysis, Divine seamlessly blends rigorous scientific training with her passion for deciphering the intricate relationships between environmental exposures and the human microbiome. Her career is distinguished by a commitment to advancing integrative health interventions, leveraging cutting-edge microbiome research to illuminate how toxic metals shape biological systems. Driven by curiosity and innovation, Divine is dedicated to translating complex environmental findings into actionable insights that improve individual and public health outcomes. 
Divine Aleru is an accomplished biochemist and researcher with a specialized background in environmental toxicology, focusing on the impacts of heavy metals on human health. With deep-rooted expertise in microbiome signatures analysis, Divine seamlessly blends rigorous scientific training with her passion for deciphering the intricate relationships between environmental exposures and the human microbiome. Her career is distinguished by a commitment to advancing integrative health interventions, leveraging cutting-edge microbiome research to illuminate how toxic metals shape biological systems. Driven by curiosity and innovation, Divine is dedicated to translating complex environmental findings into actionable insights that improve individual and public health outcomes. What was issued?
The paper discusses the widespread presence of cadmium (Cd) in the environment, its toxic effects on plants and animals, and strategies to manage its contamination. Cadmium is introduced into the environment through both natural processes, such as volcanic activity and weathering, and human activities, including industrial processes, mining, and the use of certain fertilizers. The paper describes how cadmium accumulates in the soil, enters the food chain, and affects both plant and human health. The study outlines the mechanisms by which cadmium causes toxicity, including oxidative stress and disruptions to cellular functions, and presents methods for managing its presence, such as phytoremediation and regulatory measures. It also emphasizes the importance of controlling cadmium emissions and assessing its levels in food and water sources.
Who is affected?
The populations most affected by cadmium exposure include workers in industries such as mining, smelting, and battery production, where direct exposure to cadmium is common. People living in areas with high industrial activity or agricultural lands contaminated by cadmium-containing fertilizers are also at risk. Vulnerable groups include children and pregnant women, who are more susceptible to cadmium’s toxic effects. Furthermore, individuals consuming contaminated food and water, especially from areas with significant cadmium pollution, face long-term health risks. This document emphasizes the need for better monitoring of cadmium levels in the environment and food products to protect public health.
Most important findings
Cadmium’s toxicity is primarily due to its ability to induce oxidative stress and interfere with essential cellular processes. It accumulates in various tissues, including the kidneys, liver, and bones, leading to chronic conditions such as kidney disease, bone disorders, and cardiovascular issues. Cadmium exposure also significantly increases the risk of cancer, particularly lung and prostate cancer. The document highlights how cadmium’s ability to disrupt cellular signaling and cause DNA damage contributes to its carcinogenic effects. Additionally, the study points out the importance of managing cadmium contamination in agricultural soils, where it poses a direct risk to crops and, consequently, human health. The use of contaminated phosphate fertilizers has been identified as a key source of cadmium contamination in soil, contributing to its bioaccumulation in food chains.
Key implications
The document stresses the need for stricter regulatory measures to control cadmium emissions and limit its concentration in food and water supplies. For industries, it is crucial to adopt practices that minimize cadmium release, implement better monitoring systems, and ensure compliance with safety standards. Public health initiatives must focus on educating populations about the risks of cadmium exposure, particularly in contaminated regions. For food manufacturers, testing for cadmium in agricultural products and adhering to safety limits is essential to safeguard consumer health. The document also recommends integrating cadmium management with broader environmental protection policies to address its long-term ecological and health impacts.
Citation
Sidhu, G. P. S., & Bali, A. S. (2022). Cd in the environment: Uptake, toxicity and management. Appraisal of Metal(Loids) in the Ecosystem, 283-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85621-8.00002-9
Cadmium is a persistent heavy metal that accumulates in kidneys and bones. Dietary sources include cereals, cocoa, shellfish and vegetables, while smokers and industrial workers receive higher exposures. Studies link cadmium to kidney dysfunction, bone fractures and cancer.
