Cadmium is a persistent heavy metal that accumulates in kidneys and bones. Dietary sources include cereals, cocoa, shellfish and vegetables, while smokers and industrial workers receive higher exposures. Studies link cadmium to kidney dysfunction, bone fractures and cancer.
Lead is a neurotoxic heavy metal with no safe exposure level. It contaminates food, consumer goods and drinking water, causing cognitive deficits, birth defects and cardiovascular disease. HMTC’s rigorous lead testing applies ALARA principles to protect infants and consumers and to prepare brands for tightening regulations.
The ALARA principle (“As Low As Reasonably Achievable”) is a safety standard that minimizes harmful exposures like heavy metals beyond regulatory compliance. By applying continuous reduction practices, it ensures food and consumer products meet the lowest feasible contamination levels, protecting vulnerable populations from cumulative risks.
Heavy metals are high-density elements that accumulate in the body and environment, disrupting biological processes. Lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, nickel, tin, aluminum, and chromium are of greatest concern due to persistence, bioaccumulation, and health risks, making them central to the HMTC program’s safety standards.
Heavy metal toxicity occurs when metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, nickel, tin, aluminum, and chromium accumulate beyond detoxification capacity, causing oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction, and chronic disease. The HMTC program sets stricter limits to protect vulnerable populations and ensure product safety.
FDA announced a voluntary recall of Beech-Nut infant rice cereal due to high arsenic levels. The brand will exit the market entirely. Advocacy groups and lawmakers are urging mandatory heavy metal limits across all baby food categories to better protect infants and enforce food safety accountability.
The FDA’s 2023 draft guidance sets lead limits for baby foods under Closer to Zero, aiming to cut infant lead exposure by 24–27%. The non-binding action levels of 10–20 ppb apply to cereals, fruits, root vegetables, and meats.
The Infant and Child Foods HMTC program sets science-driven standards to reduce toxic heavy metals in baby foods. By enforcing strict testing, preventive supply-chain controls, and continuous improvement, HMTC safeguards infants and toddlers from neurotoxic risks while driving industry accountability and consumer trust.
What was reviewed?This review paper evaluates the potential of phytoremediation and phytoextraction as
