Divine Aleru is an accomplished biochemist and researcher with a specialized background in environmental toxicology, focusing on the impacts of heavy metals on human health. With deep-rooted expertise in microbiome signatures analysis, Divine seamlessly blends rigorous scientific training with her passion for deciphering the intricate relationships between environmental exposures and the human microbiome. Her career is distinguished by a commitment to advancing integrative health interventions, leveraging cutting-edge microbiome research to illuminate how toxic metals shape biological systems. Driven by curiosity and innovation, Divine is dedicated to translating complex environmental findings into actionable insights that improve individual and public health outcomes. 
Divine Aleru is an accomplished biochemist and researcher with a specialized background in environmental toxicology, focusing on the impacts of heavy metals on human health. With deep-rooted expertise in microbiome signatures analysis, Divine seamlessly blends rigorous scientific training with her passion for deciphering the intricate relationships between environmental exposures and the human microbiome. Her career is distinguished by a commitment to advancing integrative health interventions, leveraging cutting-edge microbiome research to illuminate how toxic metals shape biological systems. Driven by curiosity and innovation, Divine is dedicated to translating complex environmental findings into actionable insights that improve individual and public health outcomes. What was issued?
The article provides an in-depth hazard assessment of non-cancer health effects associated with occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). It details various health risks for workers exposed to Cr(VI), especially in industries such as welding, electroplating, and painting, where chromium compounds are commonly used. The review is part of an ongoing effort to evaluate the potential long-term health consequences of exposure to Cr(VI), focusing on non-cancer effects. These effects include respiratory disorders such as asthma, rhinitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as skin conditions like dermatitis and nasal septum perforation. It emphasizes that while occupational safety measures have been implemented, the full extent of Cr(VI)’s non-cancer health impacts remains a concern, especially for workers in high-exposure environments.
Who is affected?
Workers in industries where Cr(VI) is present are the most affected group. These industries include electroplating, welding, leather tanning, and painting, where Cr(VI) compounds are frequently used. Workers in these fields can be exposed through inhalation of dust or fumes, dermal contact, or ingestion due to poor hygiene practices. Additionally, local communities near industrial zones may also be at risk of exposure, as Cr(VI) can contaminate surrounding environments, including water and soil. Regulatory bodies and public health officials are key stakeholders in ensuring the protection of these workers and communities by enforcing safety standards and monitoring exposure levels. Public health agencies must also consider the broader implications of Cr(VI) exposure on vulnerable populations, particularly those living near industrial sites.
Most important findings
The review identifies several key non-cancer health effects linked to Cr(VI) exposure. Chronic inhalation of Cr(VI) dust can lead to a range of respiratory problems, including asthma, chronic rhinitis, and COPD. Prolonged exposure can also cause damage to the nasal septum, leading to perforation, and can result in chronic skin conditions such as dermatitis and ulcers. It is also suggested that Cr(VI) exposure may contribute to immune system dysfunction, although evidence for this is still inconclusive. The review further notes that despite the known risks, some workers continue to be exposed to high levels of Cr(VI), particularly in industries with inadequate safety measures. The article also emphasizes the importance of implementing and enforcing workplace safety standards to limit exposure and prevent these adverse health effects.
Key implications
The findings of this review highlight the critical need for stronger enforcement of safety regulations to protect workers from Cr(VI) exposure. Industries must adopt more rigorous safety protocols, including personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilation systems, and regular monitoring of Cr(VI) levels in the workplace. Public health policies should focus on improving awareness of Cr(VI)’s non-cancer health effects and ensuring that workers receive appropriate medical surveillance. This may involve regular health checkups, especially for those in high-exposure jobs, to detect early signs of respiratory or skin conditions. Additionally, food manufacturers should ensure that their supply chains are free from Cr(VI) contamination, particularly in regions where industrial contamination is prevalent. Regulatory bodies must continue to update exposure limits and improve enforcement to ensure that workplace safety standards evolve with the latest scientific understanding of Cr(VI) toxicity.
Citation
Hessel, E. V., Staal, Y. C., Piersma, A. H., Den Braver-Sewradj, S. P., & Ezendam, J. (2021). Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium. Part I. Hazard assessment of non-cancer health effects. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 126, 105048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105048
Chromium (Cr) is a widely used metal with significant public health implications, especially in its toxic hexavalent form. The HMTC program’s stricter regulations ensure that chromium exposure is minimized, safeguarding consumer health, particularly for vulnerable populations.
